Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Honda Environmental Leadership Essay

Honda Motor Co. is the largest motor cycle manufacturer and a leading automaker in the world. With a worldwide network of over 501 subsidiaries, Honda’s diverse portfolio includes small sized general purpose engines to scooters and sports cars. The philosophy of Honda Motor Co. is well entrenched with the Japanese culture of pursuing the ‘triple joys’. The triple joys reflect the joys of buying, selling and creating. The company has been particularly recognized world over for its initiatives in tackling environmental challenges. Although environmental concerns and need for reciprocative action became eminent in the mid 1980s, Honda’s efforts in this direction can be attributed to the 1960s when air pollution was first understood. The environmental leadership at Honda is deeply rooted in the company’s vision to be ‘a company that the society wants to exist’ (Honda Motors, 2010). Today people throughout the world have become conscious of the damages automobiles can do to our environment. Thus we see environment friendly automotive technologies emerging in response to uncovering environmental situation. The concept of Green Motoring has taken shape, which involves using alternative fuels in order to reduce air pollution. Among the efforts automotive manufacturers take to contribute to the environment, is the use of fuels generated from bio alcohols and bio mass. Green motoring is now focused on using hydrogen as a fuel (Green Field H 2008). The vision of the company is indeed too radical, at least with respect to environment protection. Wanting to see itself as an entity that the society doesn’t object, is indeed an unprecedented thought, reflecting its understanding of public thinking. This philosophy also highlights the importance it attaches to public perception of environmental degradation. The company seems to believe that the society will allow it to exist only if it is compliance with its expectations. It is therefore no wonder that Honda had taken a leadership role well ahead of its competitors, proactively. The environmental impact has been fully analyzed, encompassing its manufacturing process, the vehicles manufactured, the support activities like administration, transportation etc. The environment friendly initiatives are reflected in all its subsidiaries throughout the world. Honda seems to have made environmental concern a part of its global strategy. All Honda operations throughout the world, have a significant bearing with respect to environment protection for the countries in which they operate. Discussion Honda seeks to create new value by incorporating innovative ideas that reflect the changing needs. The company is committed to the future, by minimizing its effects on the environment and its intake of earth’s resources. A recent survey by DuPont and the Society of Automotive Industry (SAE) has identified environmental concerns as being the biggest challenge for the industry. According to Chris Murphy DuPont director, environmental considerations are transforming vehicle design and development and have become a differentiator in the marketplace. About 54% of the respondents saw fuel efficient vehicles with reduced environmental impact as being primary to the consumers (Laura 2008). On its part, Honda seeks to address climate change, produced due to higher concentration of CO2, CFC and other greenhouses gases. By introducing hybrid and fuel economizing technologies, CO2 emissions are not only reduced in Honda vehicles, but throughout its entire corporate activity. With regard to depletion of resources, Honda has been developing technologies, solar cell development and energy saving technologies. The company is well set to be ahead of the stipulations expected of it, as a vehicle manufacturer. The ongoing regulations are only expected to get tougher with time, and vehicle manufacturer in particular have to be well prepared to achieve the required standards. The Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requires cars and SUVs to increase their fuel efficiency by about 4% each year. Thus by 2020, a fuel efficiency of about 35 miles per gallon has to be achieved (Crawley, 2007). The compliance of Honda to environmental concerns is evident from its 1972 development of the CVCC engine in compliance with the US Clean Air Act, which was the world’s toughest emission regulation of the time. The company pursued its development of catalytic converter and other such clean emission technologies in the last four decades resulting in its vehicles emissions being reduced to 1/1000 of its 1970 levels. Honda is currently promoting its Green Factory initiative worldwide, together with energy conservation and waste reduction initiatives in its non-production activities. About 324 subsidiaries including 224 non-manufacturing companies have been covered by this (Honda Motors, 2010). The direct and indirect energy consumption at Honda Motors is shown in Appendix 1, while region wise energy, water consumption and waste are shown in Appendix 2. The genuine efforts in wanting to pass a beautiful natural environment to the future generation is reflected in the company setting up its own independent goals and working towards the same. Some of the notable concepts in Honda environmental aspirations are: Green Vehicle development: Striving towards development of zero emission for all its vehicles, Honda became the first Japanese company to comply with the recent emission regulations. The company developed a special exhaust air injection system and a programmed system for fuel injection which is currently used in its VFR motorcycle. The company’s 50cc Giorno Crea scooter is highly fuel efficient and also environment friendly. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV): Even as early as 1986, Honda had been involved in the development of a hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicle, today seen in the form of FCX Clarity FCEV. The car has been the result of two decades of work by Honda’s engineers, in an effort to truly preserve the earth’s environment. The car uses an electric motor and a fuel cell stack and does not emit any CO2. When the fuel cell stack was developed for the first time in 1999, it was too large and bulky. Through continuous research and development the fuel cell stack underwent transformation to become smaller and lighter and yet more powerful (American Honda, 2010). This in turn enabled the vehicle to become elegant and comfortable. The highlights of FCX Clarity FCEV are: †¢ Only water vapor emission †¢ Reduces carbon dioxide emissions significantly †¢ Certified as a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) Green Dealer: The Green dealer concept streamlines and enables efficient use of water, electricity and paper through continuous assessments and improvements of existing systems. The concept is directed at conservation of the environment and keeping the polluting activities to a minimum (HMSI, 2007). Creating an awareness of environment among the employees and the general public is also a part of this scheme. Goal setting: Honda’s efforts towards environmental preservation are reflected through individually defined targets. In 2006 it set emission reduction goals for CO2 emission, to be reached by 2010. In 2007 the company set targets for reducing environmental impact, also intended to be achieved by 2010. The company is on track to reach targets. The future is only getting tougher for the vehicle manufacturers, though Honda is firmly set to meet the required goals. While setting environmental goals for itself, across global operations, Honda has been too detailed in its approach. The company approached the environment problem from several perspectives. As part of its global environmental policy, Honda sets specific goals with regard to its Life Cycle Assessment System, by which the environmental impact is measured and analyzed. Apart from monitoring and reducing its emissions, it also studied and monitored the impact on environment due to its emissions. The company through its suppliers and partners, thus sought solutions through innovations and technologies, to look for ways to be in harmony with nature. Honda of Canada Manufacturing (HCM) was among the first auto manufacturers to receive the ISO 14001 certification. HCM today recycles about 99% of its production waste and is working towards 100% recycling (Cambridge Center Honda, 2010). The company is credited with bringing the first Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) to Canada. In 2003 when it started production of the Civic GX, the car was rated by the EPA as having the cleanest IC engine in the world. In 2002 March, Honda introduced the Honda life cycle assessment system (LCA) to estimate the environmental impact of its products. CO2 is one of the main elements that are monitored through this assessment of products, from manufacturing to disposal. Corresponding to the levels detected, targets are set for all domains including production, sales and service, and administration, with initiatives implemented to achieve targets. In 2007 Honda introduced the product life cycle assessment system (LCA) which revolves on the CO2 emissions from a single vehicle through its lifetime. The calculations revealed that 78% of CO2 emissions are associated with product use and 6% during its emission. The company can now assess CO2 emissions more accurately, for every aspect of the vehicle’s life, thus contributing to reduction efforts. The CO2 targeted reductions are thus directed at 80% of the total emissions, with regard to LCA. Conclusion and recommendations All sectors of global economy are increasingly coming under environmental regulations to ensure that all business practices, no longer continue with disregard to the environment. The vehicle manufacturers are among the earliest to receive such stipulations as vehicles are a major contributor to pollution. These manufacturers are faced with a challenge of optimizing lean manufacturing and environment conservation. While the two aspects of manufacturing are important, the approaches to both are different, and have a huge bearing on the organization’s success. Honda is indeed an automaker with a vision for a sustained future, as evident from its setting up environment based goals and policies, proactively. The waste reduction culture at Honda indeed has obvious benefits for the environment (Maxwell, 1998). There are several societies and organizations that make up this world of ours. The culture and priorities of these are widely varied. Not all their approaches and intentions are the same. This reflects their attitude towards environment too. Although we share the same environment, there is no guarantee that competitors would be equally concerned of the environment. When some organizations take immense pain and effort to protect the environment, investing immensely in it, their competitors can easily make profits by avoiding or manipulating these. Environmental protection requires fundamentally an understanding, a concern of one’s actions on the environment. Honda has set an exceptional example by understanding its actions on the environment, and taking cautious and big steps towards ensuring a sustainable environment. The environment is a common habitat for all, whether one indulges in pollution or not. Organizations should follow the footsteps of Honda with a sense of same involvement and dedication, for only then we can give a future to the following generations.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Project submitted in partial fulfillment Essay

Declarations I declare that the material contained in this project is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal. Abstract The current research is an investigation of contemporary literature on product placement and validating these against the results of the survey herein used. The latter involved 100 international students who are also movie-goers. Product placement has been investigated in terms of its benefits to its benefits before moving on to its history and how it has become to what it is today. The different facets of product placement were assessed in terms of its impact on movie goers. Moreover the current study made use of a questionnaire as a means of data gathering. The respondents have been randomly selected, and made to answer a product placement questionnaire focusing on the movie Transformers. The results of the survey suggest that product placement is an effective form of advertising regardless of its form. In addition, since the movie has longer life span than other types of advertisements, this makes product placement more desireable and more effective. Just in the case of this paper, a study of the movie Transformers reveal that indeed, many of those who were surveyed has seen the movie. Perhaps they have seen it in movie theatres. But even if its already not yet showing, some were still able to see it since it is available in other forms such as DVD and VCD. Most of the respondents were still able to recall one of the main characters in the movie – Bumblebee – suggesting that it is able to increase brand recall. When most of them say they would buy the brand they recalled and only very few said they wouldn’t because they do not trust the brand, it can therefore be said that indeed, product placement is very effective. In conclusion, product placement is an effective means of encouraging recall and raises the probability of an actual purchase. List of Tables    Table 4-1:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: Have you seen the movie â€Å"Transformers?† Table 4- 2:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: If you haven’t seen Transformers, to what extent are you familiar with it? Table 4-3:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: What type of car is autobot bumblebee? Table 4-4:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: What type of car was the evil decepticon police car? Table 4-5:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: Suppose you have no financial restrictions (i.e., you can buy any car   you want), rate the probability of you choosing the following car? Table4- 6:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: Name a brand you have seen in the movies recently. Describe how it was shown. (e.g. worn by a villain, advertised on film, actually used on film, you saw the logo) Table 4-7:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: How vividly can you remember the details of this brand? Table 4-8:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: How did this brand appear in the movie? Table 4-9:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Responses on Question: Was this brand at the center of the story? Table 4-10:   Ã‚   Responses on Question: Was there audio and visuals associated with this brand? Table 4-11:   Ã‚   Responses on Question: How long was its duration on screen? Table 4-12-1: Responses on Question: Did you actually purchase the brand? Table 4-12-2: Responses on Question: What could be the possible reason for not purchasing the brand which you purchased? Table 4-13:   Ã‚   Responses on Question: Did you notice anything new product from this brand after you have watched the movie in the billboards and TV commercials? Table 4-14:   Ã‚   Do you think you would have noticed it if you hadn’t watched the movie? Table 4-15:   Ã‚   How much did you enjoy the movie? Table 4-16:   Ã‚   Do you think advertising using product placement works

Monday, July 29, 2019

An essay to appraise a research study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An to appraise a research study - Essay Example Based on that definition, the pilot study by van der Riet et al. (2015) can be categorized as qualitative research. Caldwell, Henshaw and Taylor (2005) articulate the need for a viable framework to critique research in health sciences. According to Caldwell, Henshaw and Taylor (2005) health care is a multi-disciplinary field and involves diverse approaches. Furthermore, there is a wide range of research conducted in health care field, hence the necessity for a workable framework for critique. The critique will adopt the framework by Ryan, Coughlan, and Cronin, (2007), as outlined in Lipp and Fothergill (2015). Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin (2007a, b) outline a two-section framework applied in the critique of qualitative research. The framework will be applicable to the study by van der Riet et al. (2015). Section one of the framework explores features that influence believability of the research. It includes the writing style, author, report title and abstract. Section two explores eleme nts that show the robustness of the research. The section includes statement of the phenomenon of interest, the study’s significance, literature review, theoretical framework, sample, ethical considerations during the research, data collection and analysis, findings and discussion, conclusion and references. The research is well-written and concise. Grammar use in the research is standard and plausible. There is no use of jargons in the language. The language is academic and serves well to communicate aspects of the research to readers. Its organization is great and conforms to conventional standards of research layouts. It has sub-sections that articulate different aspects of the study. The authors should possess credible educational background in the area under study (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007). The research is a work by five authors and all have credible

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Marketing plan for british airways short haul flights Coursework

Marketing plan for british airways short haul flights - Coursework Example This highlights the need for business organizations to induce greater efficiency in their business process. The present study would focus upon the marketing strategies of British Airways with regards to short haul flights. The choice of the topic assumes significance considering that short haul flights constitute an important part of the business areas for the organization. The following sections would conduct an analysis of the marketing strategies of the firm that would help it to achieve success in the particular business segment. Market Analysis The recent economic crisis had imposed a very crucial blow to the business prospects of the participants of the airline industry. The dip in the levels of disposable income coupled with cost cutting measures taken by business organizations had a heavy impact on the revenue and profit margins of the participants of the airline industry in UK. A report published by the House of Commons in UK states that an approximate 225 million individual passengers and 2 million tonnes worth of goods used the aerial route for transportation. The report also shows comeback signs for the industry as it expect the industry to grow by approximately twice its present market value by 2030. The report also foresees plans for expansion of airports including the construction of a third runway at London Heathrow airport. The report also states the domestic passengers in UK are increasingly resorting to air travel due to the falling fares of the airlines (House of Commons, 2010, p.3). Low cost airlines are also emerging as a threat to British airways by virtue of their competitive pricing strategy. Customer Analysis Customers are the most important stakeholders for an organization. This is particularly more evident for organizations like British Airways whose business market is flooded with competitors. This makes it essential to formulate strategies so as to gain market advantage. In case of airline industry the consumer purchase decision is based on aspects like pricing which is one of the most important aspects that are considered by customers for making a purchase decision. In addition to this some other factors to be considered by the customers include loyalty programs, effective schedule of timings, comfort and ambience, safety and security, type of aircraft etc (refer annexure 1 for details) (Williams, 2008, p.19). Low cost carriers have become a major market player for the short haul segment, which is mostly because of the low fares offered by the airlines. However the low cost carriers score low on their ability to efficiently handle the operations. This represents a gap in the product offering and customer desires which could be effectively tapped by full time carriers like British Airways to gain market advantage. Marketing Objectives The marketing strategy of British Airways for a three year period would be based on the following objectives. These objectives would encompass customers, employees, performance, partnerships and service excellence. The main objective of the firm would be to gain market share by providing extremely high levels of service quality and ensuring greater efficiency in operations. The focus of the firm with regards to short haul flights

Saturday, July 27, 2019

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOURS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOURS - Essay Example There are different types of organisational structure, however the three main types are: (1) Functional / Market; (2) Product and Market; and (3) Matrix. The functional/market type of organisational structure is basically categorised under the traditional style of management (Droege 2011). Per definition, it is a kind of structure wherein people are arranged according to the role they perform in the organisation (Brooks 2003). This type of structure is highly hierarchical and bureaucratic because distinctly classifying and separating the job from one to another creates a kind of structure that can be described as top-down authority management. In a functional organisational structure, people are arranged in departments which operate based on certain rules, policies, and standard operating process. Order and discipline are highly valued in this kind of organisation which normally results to a reporting system that usually follows a strictly entwined chain-of-command. However, the grow ing competition that exists in the business arena compels most organisations to expand and adjust to the changing needs of the business. With this circumstance, the purpose of the functional/market structure does not do companies any more justice as this kind of structure usually works well in small scale organisations. Hence, another organisational structure comes into operation and this is the product and market structure. Unlike the functional structure, product and market structure is more diversified and enhanced in terms of providing a quality and speedy decision-making (Droege 2011). Decision-making becomes more efficient and prompt in this organisational structure because the people who work within a certain product, customer, or geographic location are grouped together based on their capabilities, knowledge, and expertise. Compared to the functional structure, the product and market structure does not follow a strict top-down system of reporting, thus lessens pressure and i ncreases work performance. However, one major problem with product and market organisational structure, which is minimised in the functional structure, is that the interest of a particular group can be put ahead of the goals of the entire organisation. Another problem here, which is also not an issue with functional structure, is the fact that creating different groups for different products, costumers, or locations can possibly lead to unnecessary expenses due to duplication of resources. The matrix organisational structure, on the other hand, is perceived to be the most effective kind of management system, specifically for large organisations (Droege 2011). It is basically the combination of the functional and product, or more structures. The matrix structure considers what the organisation requires in order to get the best of both worlds. Unlike the first two structures, the matrix is considered to be the most intricate organisational structure but most effective if properly pull ed off. Not like the product and market structure wherein duplication of resources is an issue, a matrix structure can facilitate sharing of highly specialised employees and equipment. For instance, an employee who is an expert in a particular field can divide his/her time between one project and another. Also, because of this

Body Size Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Body Size - Assignment Example Day 3 - Anthony is the boy next door. He's 10 years old, stands 4 feet 9 inches and weighs 150 pounds. He's a big eater of carbohydrates. I think he should lose some weight before he gets to his teens, otherwise he might be an obese adult. Day 4 - Ina Garten of the Food Network is definitely fat. She must be enjoying a lot of the food she cooks, that's why. Another cook on the same network, Giada de Laurentiis is surprisingly thin for a cook. I'd rather be like Giada than Ina. I do find myself making judgments and having negative thoughts about obese or overweight people and children. I do not want to look like them. For me, an attractive and healthy person is one who has the correct weight for his/her height and body type. I think this way I guess, because that's what looks good to me, probably because of the brainwashing of media - magazines and TV. Also, no health product is advertised using a role model who does not have the perfect body. A person gains or loses weight when energy intake does not match energy expenditure. Each physical activity requires energy and the amount of energy depends on the duration and type of activity. Energy is measured in calories and is obtained from the body stores or the food we eat (Brianmac 2008). There are three components that mak... activity, and the thermic effect of food and adding them together is the most accurate way of determining how many calories the body requires each day. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate at which the body's energy supports the ongoing metabolic work of the body's cells such as heart beat, respiration and maintaining body temperature. For adult females the BMR is determined by multiplying body weight by 10 then adding the body weight to this value. Energy expended during physical activity contributes 20-30% to the body's total energy output. One of the most reliable methods in calculating calories burned during physical activity is the Metabolic Energy (MET) Method. The thermic effect of food is the increase in energy required to digest food and is determined by taking 10% of the total calories consumed (Pierson 2005). Based on the formula, the total calories that my body requires per day is 1,979. Food Intake Analysis results show that my calorie intake is only at 1,280. This means that I am taking in less calories than I expend. The long-term effects of this deficiency on my body would be weight loss which I would welcome if I felt I needed to lose weight. However, it can also result to the development of illnesses related to deficiencies in nutrients in my diet. Since I am female and 5 feet tall, according to the Weight Chart for Women of Health Check Systems (2008), for my medium body frame, my weight should be in the range of 113 to 126 pounds. My body weight corresponds to this weight range. I believe I am within range because I maintain a balanced diet and I do daily physical activity by tending to my garden. A method that is a common standard in the medical field to better estimate level of body "fatness" is the BMI or Body Mass Index. It has a

Friday, July 26, 2019

Patient Safety And Medication Administration Research Paper

Patient Safety And Medication Administration - Research Paper Example Transcribing of medicine takes place in two major forms, which are through handwriting and computer inputting (MÃ ´nica et al., 2011, p. 225). In any of these cases, there was a study by Meng-Ting et al. (2010, p. 258) which established the most frequent cases of errors nowadays. Omalhassan et al. (2009, p. 389) on the other hand argued that the forms and reasons leading to errors during transcribing are different when basing these on handwritten transcribing or computer typed transcribing. While using handwriting, misspelling, wrong interpretation of writing and wrongful representation of figures have been noted to be examples of the commonest forms of errors (Hossein et al., 2012). When computers are used, Matt G. (2013, p. 28) noted that there is the possibility of the computer automatically changing or attempting to correct a spelling, which may lead to error with spelling if not detected.At the administration stage also, Moura, Prado and Acurcio (2011, p. 314) warned that error s are still possible even if all the aforementioned processes have been carried out successfully. In the light of this, Murray et al. (2009, p. 761) saw that the issue of poor supervision on the part of nurses over patients whiles administering drug is a major cause of error as it leads to wrong dosage. This means that at the transition stage where the nurse leaves the drug with the patient, it is possible for the patient to either undertake or overtake the drug if close monitoring is not in place.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

The Role of Scholarly Elites in Chinese History and Culture (Tang Essay

The Role of Scholarly Elites in Chinese History and Culture (Tang dynasty to the High Qing) - Essay Example They did this through their roles as active politicians in different dynasties, social reformers, philosophers and poets among other roles. The scholarly elites would compel people to practice certain things or to uphold new values for the society’s wellness. Some would also criticize the way some rulers were leading the Chinese dynasties and in most cases they would end up being the ambassadors of revolutionary changes in the political scene in ancient China. There are very many scholarly elites who lived in ancient China and their contributions to the history of China are still evident. This paper will focus on Lao Tzu, one of the most influential scholarly elite in the ancient China, who piloted the Chinese people to uphold the values of Taoism. Lao Tzu means old master in Chinese. Lao Tzu was a religious philosopher in ancient China who lived among other popular philosophers like Confucius. One of his most popular writing is the Tao-Te-Ching. The writing contained principles on the way to live in harmony in a community. Lao Tzu was born in the 7th century in Louyang in China. His real name was Li Erh. He worked for the King of Zhou as the custodian in the archives. He had several other names given to him by various people and religious leaders for his extensive wisdom. His wisdom can be attributed to his extensive study of the writings in the archives. He had access to a vast number of scholarly writings. Lao Tzu was a mentor to many other philosophers who would frequently visit him to get his point of view on contentious issues. He would always give them his counsel and most of them took it. When he reached 80 years of age, Lao Tzu decided to leave the kings place and he set out for the desert, citing that the experiences he had with the people was depressing since they had refused to follow the path of goodness. On his journey to the desert, a guard stopped him and asked him to record his wisdom. He wrote a book on all his wisdom and it

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

CRITICAL THINKING Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

CRITICAL THINKING - Coursework Example eas, theories and concepts of nursing and developing intellectual capacities and abilities in order to become self-directed, disciplined and critical thinkers (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2011). In nursing, critical thinking is the methodical, intellectual process of applying dexterous thinking as a guide to belief. It involves openness to question and reflection on the reasoning process employed to guarantee safe nursing practice and quality care. Critical thinking among nurses involves proficiency in using reasoning, adherence to intellectual standards, commitment to develop and sustain intellectual qualities of the mind and practices of ideas and the proficient use of reasoning skills (Finkelman, 2012). Nursing practitioners who are critical thinkers appraise and adhere to intellectual standards. Notably, critical thinkers in nursing endeavour to be unclouded, precise, accurate, significant, fair and logically competent when listening and speaking to patients and when reading and writing (Castledine, 2010). They think largely and deeply. In addition, critical thinkers in nursing develop their attitudes and dispositions to those of a fair-minded thinker. In this case, the nurses suspend their judgments till they truly apprehend another standpoint and phrase the position that another holds on a matter (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2011). Nurses come to coherent decisions so that they can act proficiently in practice. They continuously observe their reasoning, enquiring and replicating on the quality of

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

GUN CONTROL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GUN CONTROL - Essay Example Therefore, this paper will focus on the importance of gun control in the entire community. Most of the people claim to be in need guns for their self-defense but most of the people misuse them to trouble others. Most suicide and murder cases recently, have been as a course of firearms in most cases; it is not in self-defense (Lott 126).The controlling of firearms that are available to the public, will decrease the lives lost because people will no longer use the guns to cause harm. However, most criminals attack the unarmed people and avoid the armed, as they are harder to prey on. Therefore, as much as the general social safety is enhanced, the individual will not be safe. This is because of insufficient protection and they will fall prey to most criminals. Apart from self-defense, the members of the public who own guns use them for other purposes ways that are productive to the society while others are a threat to the society. The major one is hunting. Hunting is a culture in most communities and the banning of guns means that the culture has to stop its ways of living. It is very hard to find better options for cultures and the public will find it to be a hard task. This may lead some of them to looking for other alternatives that may be poorer and cause more harm to the society (Wuest 116). Firearms have been more protection to the women more than it has to the men. This is because the women are taken to be generally the weaker gender and are therefore more prone to attacks than males are. This is true to some extent because apart from general robbery, women are prone to rape. A woman with a gun is likely to scare of her assailant but an unarmed one is likely to be defeated because she has no protection that would much up to the attacker’s ability (Kleck 126). A national survey indicated that approximately 95 percent of the people with guns just have to wave their weapon to scare the attackers away and prevent the attack overly (Lott 97). Firearms ha ve also caused a lot of harm within the society through accidents. It is generally advised that guns should be locked when in the residences of the users but rarely do people follow this directive. This is because a locked gun has to be unloaded and there is really no need to carry around the gun. This is because it cannot protect the user (Kleck 277). This has led to many people leaving the guns loaded in their homes in places easily reached by the small children The small children are ignorant of the use of a gun and some of the older ones are adventurous. This leads to them using the guns, which inflicts harm to them or to other people around them. Controlling of the ownership of firearms will reduce the accidents in the residences of the owners and therefore reduce the deaths of the innocent children. Another positive effect of the gun power is that there will be expansion of other industries that deal with provision of security. The security industries should be licensed to pos sess guns to safeguard the society. The society will have to look for alternative methods to guard themselves and for self-protection. As a result, the industries that deal with manufacturing the equipment for self-defense will benefit. Protection against burglary in the houses can be maintained by use of a simple anti-theft alarm. This is effective and with no side effects on the owner. In self-defense, Stun and teaser guns are

Monday, July 22, 2019

The Benefits of Microcredit to Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Microcredit to Bangladesh Essay Bangladesh, with a population of more than 140 million, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Almost half of the total population is still living below the poverty line earning less than $1 a day. The various dimensions of the country’s poverty are manifested in terms of inequality in income distribution (in favor of urban areas), wage differentials between the formal and informal sectors, dramatic increases in the cost of living, unemployment and internal migration. However, progress on a range of social indicators in Bangladesh over the last fifteen years has been striking in certain areas, and these have been endorsed largely to the mix of public and private service provision, including the pioneering approach of microfinance institutions (MFIs). The government of Bangladesh faces an enormous challenge in reducing its poverty. However, the government cannot act alone as it cannot command all the resources and personnel to maintain progress in poverty alleviation. The MFIs have taken a key role in poverty improvement efforts and have been providing credit to these poor people who lack savings and capital but want jobs in the farm and non-farm sectors. The banking sector in Bangladesh is dominated by the four state- owned commercial banks, but in addition there are five government owned specialized banks, 30 domestic private banks, and 12 foreign banks. A few of these banks do lend extensively to rural areas most don’t even look at the rural areas of the country for lending money. But the poor people do not get access to formal financial institutions due to the lack of physical collateral. Unlike other countries, Bangladesh does not a have a proper substructure of small banks operating at a local level, and thus a strong structure NGO microfinance sector had been developed in Bangladesh. These MFIs have been able to reach the poor with collateral-free loans at affordable costs and can thus help the poor become self-employed. The micro-finance sector in Bangladesh is one of the worlds largest. Bangladeshi MFIs are best known for their groundbreaking, large-scale provision of microfinance services, principally tiny collateral-free loans to poor women. Microcredit programs in Bangladesh are implemented by NGOs, Grameen Bank, state-owned commercial banks, private commercial banks, and specialized programs of some ministries of Bangladesh government. In the microfinance sector total loan outstanding is around TK 200 billion and savings TK140 billion that have been rendering among 30 poor people which help them to be self-employed that accelerates overall economic development process of the country. Through the financial services of microcredit, these poor people are engaging themselves in various income-generating activities and around 30 million poor people are directly benefited from microcredit programs. Credit services of this sector can be categorized into six broad groups: 1. General microcredit for small-scale self employment based activities, 2. Microenterprise loans, 3. Loans for ultra poor, 4. Agricultural loans, 5. Seasonal loans, and 6. Loans for disaster management. Loan amounts up to BDT 30,000 are generally considered as microcredit; loans above this amount are considered as microenterprise loans. The Microcredit Regulatory Authority (MRA), established by the government in August 2006, received applications from more than 5000 private institutions (NGO-MFIs). But, around 1000 applications of them were found to be very small organizations that had fewer than 1000 borrowers or less than the USD 58,000 in outstanding loans that is generally considered as the minimum initial operating portfolio of a single branched MFI to be sustainable. However, till June 2010 the MRA had approved licenses in favor of 552 NGOs and 2910 have been rejected due to not meeting licensing criteria, such as non-existence of operations at field, inappropriate registration as an NGO, inadequate financial information, and so on. Size and growth: According to the size of institutions in terms of the number of borrowers served, MRA categorizes MFIs into five major types: very large, large, medium, small and very small. There are only two very large MFIs, viz., BRAC ASA, each serving over four million borrowers. Table-2 shows year-wise number and percentage of the total number of institutions under these five categories for the last four years. Currently there are only 21 medium, 16 large and 2 very large MFIs operating in Bangladesh, together they constitute only 8 percent of the total. 92 percent NGO-MFIs are still either small or very small covering not more than 17 percent share of the market in terms of outreach and operations. Challenges: Despite certain success in reaching the poorer groups of households, it has been estimated that certain groups of extreme poor households do not take part in microcredit program. Geographical coverage of microcredit operation varies, with coverage thinnest in the poorer, more remote and less populous districts of the country’s north and southwest. Considering the geographical coverage of the MFIs in Bangladesh, more than 80 percent of the MF-NGOs have less than 5 branch offices and about half of them do not have any branch office at all. In recent years, there have been some efforts in reaching these households by offering more flexible repayment schedules with a smaller loan sizes. Several studies also show that 15-30 percent of microcredit members are from ‘non-target’ groups as also measured by householder’s land size. The success of microcredit programs depends on the following challenges: 1. Enhancing the Resources versus Reaching the Poor Client 2. Smaller versus Larger loan sizes 3. Increase in client-base versus Sustainability of MFIs Achievements: Women empowerment: Women are given equal access to the Grameen schemes as a result; they have raised their status, lessened their dependency on their husbands and improved their homes and nutritional standards of their children. 90% of women who used begging as a means of survival now have roof over their heads and can support themselves. Group Savings: Group Savings have proven successful as group lending. Group savings have reached 698 million taka (US $ 23 Million approx), out of which 570 million taka 9US 419 million) are saved by women. The bank requires its borrowers to save. Each borrower saves one taka (2-5 cents) each week. As of today Grameen bank has collected so much money that they can collectively buy the largest enterprise in the country. The poorest of the poor in the country are entering the coterie of the elites. Shift in the occupational pattern: There has been a shift in the occupational graph from agricultural waged labor considered socially inferior to self- employed petty trader. Micro-credit has succeeded in graduating the poor from poverty level to a self sustained position. Builds Trust among Poor: Grameen has put trust back into the picture. The working of the Grameen is largely through trust. It believes in the enormous potential of each and every human being given enabling environment, even the poorest of the poor can peel off doubts and start exploring their abilities to find a life with full human dignity. Spurs social change: Micro credit had done what billions of dollars worth of AWACS (Air Borne Warnings and Control System) and Patriot missiles cannot, for decades the west has tried to defeat fanatical extremists militarily, this has been bloody, costly and highly unsuccessful, but quietly every day, the attraction of the militant Islam is being blunted at the ballot box and in the people’s hearts and minds, than to the economic development of the poor. Micro credit helps solve a host of intractable, long-term social ills related to poverty. In Bangladesh the use of contraception is one of the first behaviors to change. In fact formation of groups of women to meet regularly helps in discussing new ideas and sharing information, this serves as a potent factor in bringing about broad based social change, otherwise women are isolated. In Bangladesh micro-credit has led to an increase in participation of people in the mainstream economic and political process of society, and overall human development . Very low default rate: The default rate is astonishingly low compared to what Bangladesh commercial banks suffer. It is about 2% as compared to about 70% for agricultural loans and 90% for industrial loans. Yunus Says† The difference lies in the psychology of the borrowers. The rich can evade the consequences of non- payment, the poor cannot. They value loan sharks so much; that they are only too grateful for once aims a lifetime opportunity to improve them†. Micro credit has graduated the rural poor from the informal capital market controlled by the moneylender and local elite to institutionalized banking. Positive impact on the families: Independent studies show that micro credit has a host of positive impacts on the families that receive it. A recent world bank study by Shahid Khondkar (2003) show that micro-credit programs operating in Bangladesh over a long period of time have produced a greater impact on extreme poverty than on moderate poverty.† The results of this study indicate that micro credit not only affects the welfare of participants and non-participants, but also the aggregate welfare at the village level. In fact even in disaster situations and post conflict areas, it has helped rebuild economic activities and livelihoods. Hence acting as the coping mechanisms of the poor. This was successfully demonstrated during the floods in Bangladesh in 1998 Problems and constraints: 1. How to expand the outreach of micro credit. 2. Lack of funds. 3. Lack of initiative in creating financing institutions. 4. Absence of legal framework for creating micro credit institutions. 5. Lack of conceptual clarity 6. Absence of regulatory framework United Nations response: United Nations: General Assembly Resolution 52/194. The report of the Secretary-General on the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty (1996) and the First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006), recognizes that people living in poverty are innately capable of working their way out of poverty with dignity, and they demonstrate creative potential to improve their situation when an enabling environment and the right opportunities exist. Noting that in many countries of the world, micro credit programmes, by providing access to small loans to people living in poverty, have succeeded in generating productive self-employment. Freeing the people from the bondage of poverty leading to their increasing participation in the mainstream economic and political processes of the society. The UN recognizes that micro credit programmers, in addition to their role in the eradication of poverty, have also been a contributing factor to the social and human development. Conclusion: Strengthening local government is one of the most desired institutional changes needed for poverty reduction. Decentralization and participation are the buzzwords. SHARE and ASA and GBUP in India, Nirdhan and SBP in Nepal, KASHF in Pakistan-All these are the leading replicas of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. The question to be asked is why is it that the success rate of these institutions is not the same as that of its model i.e. the Grameen Bank? This needs to be looked into. The need of the hour is greater awareness and consciousness among the populace of the third world about the feasibility and the importance of the use of micro credit in their respective countries. GRAMEEN BANK†¦ The system of this bank is based on the idea that the poor have skills that are under-utilized. A group-based credit approach is applied which utilizes the peer pressure within the group to ensure the borrowers follow through and use caution in conducting their financial affairs with strict discipline, ensuring repayment eventually and allowing the borrowers to develop good credit standing. The bank also accepts deposits, provides other services, and runs several development-oriented businesses including fabric, telephone and energy companies. Another distinctive feature of the banks credit program is that the overwhelming majority (98%) of its borrowers are women. Grameen Bank continued to expand its outreach in Bangladesh in 2009 to bring new areas and new members within its operational fold. During the year, the bank opened 23 new branches bringing the total number of branches to 2,562 that dot the length and breadth of rural Bangladesh. Bank’s network40 Zonal, 268 Area and 2,562 branch level officesnow encompasses 83,458 or over 99% of the country’s nearly 84,000 villages located in 479 upazilas or sub-districts in all 64 districts of Bangladesh. A fresh batch of 300,413 people joined the Grameen family in 2009, swelling the aggregate number to a staggering 7.97 million members.

Understand Sensory Loss Essay Example for Free

Understand Sensory Loss Essay 1. Understand the factors that impact on an individual with sensory loss. 1.1. Analyse how a range of factors can impact on individuals with sensory loss. There are a number of factors that can impact individuals with sensory loss. In many cases sensory loss is hidden and people can be unaware an individual has sensory loss. Communication is an area in which people with sensory loss have many issues. Normal day to day activities can cause them a great deal of stress and anxiety. For example if someone does not have a sensory loss they may enjoy watching television. Imagine if you could not hear what was begin said probably. The frustration that must be felt can lead to feelings of inadequacy. For someone who is unable to see the television. The can miss out on actions that are not spoken .For example someone smiling. We express facial expressions that allow to show how we are feeling. Imagine not being able to to tell by looking at someone you know if they are happy or not. This can lead a person feeling extremity frustrated see more:outline the main causes of sensory loss People with sensory loss can miss out on important information that people with out sensory loss take in day to day with out even realising. For example if we had an visual impairment we may not be able to read written material which is important to us such as a bank statement. A person with hearing loss could miss hear important Information such as someone shouting them to warn them of a danger. The environment around a person with sensory loss can have a large impact on a person. For example if a a person parks a car on the curb instead of next to the curb. This can cause a person with visionary loss a great deal of distress. They may not be able to see the car and they could walk into the car causing them embarrassment and physical injury/pain. All in all this factors can have a negative impact on their lives. Causing the individual to feel isolated, inadequate and frustrated. 1.2. Analyse how societal attitudes and beliefs impact on individuals with sensory loss. Societal attitudes and beliefs can impact individuals with sensory loss In a large way. This on the whole can be quite negative. For example we may not mean to but often we be extremely inconsiderate of people with sensory loss in our day to day life’s. A few people often hear sensory loss and assume that a persons intelligence and capacity to understand are effected. For example people often talk to deaf people slowly and loudly. This can make the individual feel undervalued, miss understood and stupid. People can often be very judgemental. A person could be asking a deaf person to move by saying excuse me and how often if they did not get a reaction or the person did not respond would people think they are rude over deaf? We often assume they are unable to complete tasks and treat them without meaning to disrespectfully by taking away there independence by assuming they are unable to do tasks such as cook there own tea. All these factors and make an individual feel insecure, frustrated, isolated, undervalued, stupid and inadequate. Although we are know getting much better at recognising the needs of individual with sensory loss such as audio descriptive screenings for films, subtitles, loop systems, signers and guide dogs. This are helping socially as people are becoming more aware of people with sensory loss and there needs. This is having a positive impact on individuals with sensory loss by allowing them to live more independently. 1.3. Explore how a range of factors, societal attitudes and beliefs impact on service provision. Due to recent changes in attitudes the service provision for individuals has  more about the person and there needs rather than their disability. In the past professionals would decided on the support an individual would need by using a gift model. Where individuals where expected to fit in with the service, not the service to fit them. Now the service has become person centred. This is the idea that a person has control over the services they need to support them. For example they are given a personal budget. This allows the individual a chance to decide on what support they need, how they want it delivered, who they want to deliver it, and when they want it. This is a positive move for individuals with sensory loss as it allows them to take back there independence and receive the correct support to help them life a fulfilling life. 2. Understand the importance of effective communication for individuals with sensory loss. 2.1. Explain the methods of communication used by individuals with: Sight loss Hearing loss Deaf-blindness Sight loss Firstly always identify yourself even in known environment e.g. Hello, its Hannah. Also any others that may be around. Always use names to identify people e.g. when in a group use names. Keep them aware of where you are and if people are moving around them, who is in the room and who is leaving. Keep them informed of where objects such as tables,chairs etc. Talk to them normally there is no need to shout or talk really slowly. Use everyday language dont be worried about using words such as look and see. Dont use non-verbal communication e.g. pulling faces, pointing When giving instructions be accurate and specific. Provide information in alternative formats e.g. audio, extra large pint,  electronic formats, Braille etc. Hearing Loss Firstly make sure you are facing the individual and they can see you clearly. Try to find out the persons preferred communication method When using speech, speak normal lip pattern, clearly, dont shout and don;t turn your head away from them or cover your mouth. Speak at ear level or if they have a preferred side to be on that side Repeat things if necessary or rephrase them. Use finger spelling, write things down Ensure the location is quiet and echos are not present e.g. a room with soft furnishings If there is a loop system present, ask if they want to use it. If necessary book note-takers, lip speaker. BSL interpreters etc. Deaf-blindness Communicating with deaf-blind individual can be difficult. Studying the individuals body language can be helpful. Follows the same guidelines for blind and deaf individuals and additionally. Good lighting of the environment. Plain backgrounds. Light on the person speaking and coming from behind the individual. Distance and positioning are important. Check their preferences. Use objects to help communicate. Provide a guide/communicator if needed. Tactile communication e.g. Braille, moon Finger spelling by the deaf-blind manual alphabet. 2.2. Describe how the environment facilitates effective communication for people with sensory loss. By providing a the correct environment we can provide effective communication for people with sensory loss. For example to put a person with visual  impairments in a room with poor lighting, with lot of objects around them and ask them to read a regular newspaper would be unfair. However if we provided an environment with the correct lighting such as brighter lighting, de clutter there environment also use colour to make things stand out from there background. Use a bigger print for the paper or get a audio version. There are three simple rules to remember for a visually impaired individual. Bigger. Bolder. Brighter. Bigger is simply making things bigger such as prints, buttons. This can also be done by illusion of moving things closer to someone so the object appears bigger. Bolder is making things easier to see. For example colour differences. Say you have a brown table on a brown carpet against a brown wall. By either making the background a light colour or the table it instantly will stand out to them. If this can not be done try a bold colour tape along the edges of an object, edge to make it stand out. It is all about creating a large contrast between things to help them differentiate between objects. Brighter is using better lighting to help make things easier to see. It should be the right amount to make the person feel comfortable. Lamps shinning directly onto items they directly want to see work well. Remember each individual is different so find the correct lighting for them. For individuals with hearing loss the most effective thing in an environment is reduced background noise. Again provide good lighting so peoples faces can bee seen. People are part of the environment also. So make sure they are aware of communication needs of others with sensory loss can help provide a positive environment for everyone. As this provides one another with consideration for one another and mutual respect. 2.3. Explain how effective communication may have a positive impact on lives on individuals with sensory loss. By providing the correct communication for individuals with sensory loss we will eliminate a lot of their anxiety, frustration and isolation. This will help the individuals an improved quality of life as they will be able to do more e.g. go to the cinema, Talk to others. By improving their quality of life this will improve their emotion well-being and their health. By being able to access the community they will feel like an active member of the community and as if they are providing a positive contribution. This will allow them to have a greater personal dignity. As we are all being more aware of sensory loss they will b freer from discrimination. In all by providing effective communication we give the individuals control over their lives. As they are able to express their wants, needs and aspirations. 3. Understand the main causes and conditions of sensory loss 3.1. Identify the main causes of sensory loss. The main course of sensory loss is the ageing process with individuals over 65 more likely to have some form experience sensory loss. The most common causes of vision impairment: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Glaucoma Cataract Disease e.g. Diabetic Retinopathy Genetics e.g. Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) (Tunnel vision) Infection e.g. Meningitis Injury or physical trauma The most common causes of hearing impairment: Age related deafness Noise Induced deafness Infection e.g. meningitis, mumps, measles, Maternal Rubella Cochlea Ostosclerosis Disease e.g. Mà ©nià ¨re’s disease Genetics Drugs (ototoxic deafness) Physical trauma Presabyacusis The most common causes of deaf-blindness: Ageing process Genetics e.g. Usher Syndrome Maternal infection e.g Rubella Premature Birth Combination of cause of visual and hearing impairments. 3.2. Define congenital sensory loss and acquired sensory loss. Congenital sensory loss is present from birth. Acquired sensory loss is is a sensory loss that was not present at birth but has developed later. 3.3. Identify the demographic factors that influence the incidence of sensory loss in the population. Due to the main course of sensory loss being the ageing process . And people are now living longer and to a greater age this has increased the incidence of sensory loss within the demographics. More people are reaching above 65 so therefore more of the population are developing sensory loss. 4. Know how to recognise when an individual may be experiencing sight and / or loss and actions that may be taken. 4.1. Identify the indicators and signs of: Sight loss Hearing loss Deaf-blindness The indicators for sight loss are: Over cautious driving habits. Find lighting either: too bright or too dim. Frequent eye glass prescription changes. Holding books or reading material close to face or at arms length. Squinting or tilting the head to see. Difficulty in recognizing people. Changes in leisure time activities. Change in personal appearance. Changes in table etiquette. Moving about cautiously. Bumping into objects. Acting confused or disoriented. The indicators of hearing loss: Needing the volume on things turning up e.g. radio. Not hearing when someone knocks at the door or door bell. Often asking people to repeat what they have said. Having difficulty hearing when more than one person is talking. Complaining of people mumbling or talking too quickly. Not responding when you talk from to them from behind them. Having difficulty following people with unfamiliar accents or new to them. Having problems using the phone. Misunderstanding conversation. Avoiding social situations. Feeling stressed and tired. Indication of deaf-blindness can be a combination of both this lists. 4.2. Explain actions that should be taken if there are concerns about onset  of sensory loss or change in sensory status. If a person I was supporting was displaying any of this signs. I would mention it to them to see if they had noticed. They may be feeling ashamed, scared and unsure what to. I would help them by discussing their options and helping them to seek advice for the right health profession. I may also need to inform their support network and family. This will help them support the individual better and support them through the changes. I may be supporting someone who is unable to tell me or communicate that they are having problems. In this case I would discuss it with the relative people in the care management and also record and monitor any signs they are experiencing. This would allows us to help change how we support them to make it the support more effective and helpful to them. 4.3. Identify sources of support for those who may be experiencing onset of sensory loss. There are many sources of support for an individual that is experiencing sensory loss. Specialist support workers that are available to through their local authority and general adult services. Many primary care trust have sensory support teams that can be accessed for support or advice. There specialist organisations like the RNIB and RNID that have all the knowledge you may require and specialist advice. These organisations can provide you with a list of local facilities in your area.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Celebrities and Politics

Celebrities and Politics Politics have merged with showbiz affairs. The sense of public service have gone down since showbiz personalities started running for political positions even though they do not have the knowledge when it comes to politics. Having politicians coming from the showbiz sector can be disadvantageous. There are many candidates that are unfit for the position and the Philippine society should be more careful in choosing competent leaders. Introduction Having politicians coming from the showbiz sector can be disadvantageous for the Philippines. The Philippines society knows that Politics and Showbiz are two different things. Politics: having the authority or power where government officials use their knowledge to formulate and apply a policy and they have this common knowledge that the purpose of showbiz is to entertain us. They see a celebrity personality getting dragged down to different scandals in which media of course is responsible for exposing it. When people from the showbiz sector started their campaign for political positions their most common reason is to get more famous or get richer. It is unfortunate to know that the scandalous world of showbiz is merging with the busy world of politics knowing that most of the candidates do not have any political science in their background. The Philippines should brace itself for the busy-scandalous world of showbiz politics. Statement of the Problem These are the possible reasons on why showbiz artists are running for politics: They want to run because they want to be more famous. They want to run because being in the political position they can get more money. Celebrities mostly have more concern on their career by running for political positions they will have more responsibility therefore losing focus on the important matter. Significance of the Study This study aims to discuss the disadvantages of having people coming from the showbiz sector to running into political positions this study will explain different factors. This will help in informing what the possible effects of having celebrities in politics are. Politics and Showbiz Most people know that politics and showbiz are no strange bedfellows with so many politicians foraying into showbiz and vice-versa. A sport, however, is no strange bedfellow to both politics and showbiz, as many sports people or athletes are active in both. Entertainment personalities seem determined to compete with established politicians for positions of power in government, from the municipal council all the way to the halls of Congress. Could it be that celebrities have come to terms with the realities of politics in the country? Have they become as smart and knowledgeable compared to those who have been in mainstream politics for quite some time? Or have they learned to play the twist and turn game in politics and therefore ready to cast their lot in what has traditionally been the domain of the highly influential ruling class?ÂÂ  We can clearly see that the political link between entertainment and politics is not new in the Philippines (Daval, 2012). The media has always been a major player in Philippine elections. It has a considerable influence on the electoral process which could make or unmake any candidate. The power of television is also seen in its ability to imitated images and illusions that resonates with viewers since entertainment is often the subject of our conversations as it gives reflections of our daily lives. It has always been a part of election campaign by the political parties the used of celebrity stars with big names by making them to entertain voters in the political rallies of election campaigns. The Philippine society has been considered being an entertainment obsessed culture as celebrities have been marked so deeply in the societies collective minds as a persuasive force which could convince voters to change their minds about their favored candidates and certain political issues (Free Essays, 2012). The society bases their decisions on what they see on television because television has blinded them with false notoriety, and mostly false publications. In showbiz, as in politics, there are family dynasties. Royal families they are called. There have been so many political issues in the country these past few years. From impeachment hearings, meetings, debates or even campaigns, one thing is very much certain someone has to be the face of TV.ÂÂ  Its like a reality show of finding the newestÂÂ  it boy or girl.ÂÂ  Some of them started out as an unknown to the public eye and became a sensation overnight. They could imagine a director saying to themÂÂ  the camera loves your face (Vrank, 2012). Politics has its end, or goal, not only knowledge but action. The Politics as a whole is a hand-book for statesmen and lawgivers. Politics is addressed to those in power, not to those seeking power (Ackrill Judson, 1999). The role of politics is for the establishment of equal and just society under the governance of Politicians who has a good background in political science they are elected by the people whom they wish to govern knowing that they have a clean reputation and can keep promises for the common good. Politicians have become celebrities, and politics connected with the entertainment industry, has become much more complex. For the confluence of the world of politics and showbiz signals the collapse of some social categories. The entrance of showbiz values, techniques, and personalities into politics means the celebritization of politics (Combs, 1984). A celebrity is in the prestige business, since he or she is someone who at the moment has been successful in being famous. They are famous because we have learned that they are famous and when we no longer learn that they are no longer famous and disappear. The celebrity depends for his or her existence as a popular personage on us acting as interested spectators of the celebrated and their world (Combs, 1991). This is one of the reasons on why celebrities are running for politics; to get more exposure since their career is fading that have turned over a new life we might say A new chapter in their lives. Popular Culture seems at first glance non-political, but this does not mean that is has nothing to do with politics. And even though what we usually think of as politics-the comings and goings of Presidents, the deliberation of Congress, decisions of the Supreme Court also seems on face to have little to do with popular culture, on reflection we can discover relationships that are significant if subtle (Combs, 1991). Sometimes, the society thinks that showbiz is totally different but that was in the past. Now, at the dawn of the new age the two different cultures are merging into one since they have the power to influence other in terms of connection or power. But perhaps rely is too strong a word. Still, theres no denying the fact that in this country, celebrity endorsements have helped many a politician win. Too many cases even celebrities themselves have been voted into public office that they have little to show beyond their showbiz credibility (Jimeno Sabangan, 2010). Politics might be sometimes corrupt, but respectable politicians did represent an ideal of material and moral probity. Certainly the idea of, say, an actor becoming President would have been unthinkable. Even today many people feel that the dignity and authority of government has been debased by the introduction of showbiz into it (Combs, 1984). But our love of showbiz probably made it inevitable. We like glamour, hoopla, tinsel, beautiful people, and a good show. Since politics has becomes increasingly a media act, politicians have turned to showbiz advisors to help them be good actors and put on good shows (Combs, 1984). People do love good shows and since the exposure of celebrities to politics and the other way around we cannot determine if it is a product of reality from the politicians and celebrities or is it just a big hoopla to mislead the masses onto what is really going on inside the government. It is frequently said nowadays that all politics is becoming showbiz. There is a sense in which politics, especially in societies with means of mass communication, has always had an entertainment aspect. Politicians are celebrities, and we are as much interested in their private lives, and see them as popular representatives or material and moral values, as we do movie stars (Combs, 1984). To prevent media personalities or celebrities from gaining an advantage over lesser known candidates during a political campaign, all films featuring actors or media personalities running for a political office were banned from public exhibition in theaters, on television, or in any public forum during the campaign. Additionally, to prevent politicians fro, circumventing election regulations with guests appearances on talk shows or similar indirect promotions of their political views, the Fair Election Act carefully defines political advertisement any matter, published, printed, or exhibited which is intended to draw the attention of the public or a segment thereof to promote or oppose, directly or indirectly, the election of a particular candidate or candidates to a public office. In the TV shows and radio programs, love or taped announcements, teasers, and other forms of advertising messages or announcements used by commercial advertisers (Kaid Batcha, 2006). Because of flowery words that celebrities tell the masses, the Philippine society gets easily swayed from the main purpose of the election and that is to vote qualified candidates. They should remember in the constitution the Accountability of Public Officers. But now they can see that media being the most powerful thing between politics and showbiz the same policy that had been implemented from the past does no not apply today. They see celebrities here and there posters after posters that they too are interested in politics basically because of the influence and other reasons like political dynasty. Philippine election is very near, and candidates are busy preparing for their campaign. And when you look at Philippine politics it is full of people from the showbiz industry, from city councilor to the President (Joseph Estrada), and seems there are no stopping to them, they just keeps on coming. Philippine Politics is like the reality show Pinoy Big Brother where you vote who among them is the big winner and it is based on popularity and in not leadership skills. And that is why most of our leaders are useless; they just keep on making their pockets full while its people starve (Thunderdhuzt, 2012). Former President Joseph Estrada is a very good example of a showbiz politician. Because he was overwhelmed by the money and power he abused that power and the consequence was being stripped of the Presidency and some of his properties. Summary Having people coming from the showbiz sector in the politics can be disadvantageous for the Philippines. In the present day more economical and social problems are adding up not to mention the past problems that the past regimes left for the society to bear. Even the qualified politicians are having hard time to formulate policies that would cure the modern society problems. The society remains unaware that their actions in picking unqualified politician can bring harm to them most of all to the progress of their own country. They should not base their choice on popularity rate and the amount of riches that particular candidate has. The Philippines society knows that there are people who are fit for the position yet they still turn back to the weak promises that the glamorous candidates had offered. By emerging their selves in the common problem that we have know they can clearly see that basing our judges in the mere external capabilities of a person cannot suffice something like the economy problem the society always see that they have great plans for the benefit of the country but the question is can they still pursue the eagerness to help others why they themselves have been overwhelmed by the glamorous life they live in now? The society has line up of scandalous celebrities running like Annabelle Rama for her violent personality towards the press mostly she has been summoned in the court several times and Diether Ocampo that was accused of being gay. A good number of politician wannabes in Philippine tinsel town are optimistic that the people will elect them despite the fall from grace of Estrada, who was booted out of office last January by way of People Power 2. The former president was widely perceived as a corrupt, womanizing, crony-coddling politician, who was impeached by the House even before he was ousted from office we all know the scandal about the jueteng issue in which he was imprisoned for at least 40 years. The society has the power to choose its leader since it is the one which the power of the state emanates from. The whole country should be careful in choosing its head since in the future we will be the one who is going to harvest the so-called fruits of labor in which the chosen leader has planted. We all know what kind of jeopardy the government is going through right now. The citizens as part of state should contribute even the simplest task like following the rules. Popular culture is there to stay but the main thing is that the main purpose for that is to make us entertained. Seeing celebrity icons perform lessens our stress from the real world. They should not interfere with the issues of the political world they have their own career to take care. Politicians should continue being politically active being a politician has its perks but that should not intervene with the main goal of government and that is to serve the country. Being in power can be overwhelming but that passion for true service. Politics is not a theater stage where people get to act for the entertainment of the masses. It is the place where serious people collide with each other in needs concentration in formulation and implementation of ideas. The merging of politics and showbiz creates a different face for the government in which the society perceives that the leaders inside are those people who are not qualified. Politicians marry celebrities just for the benefit of publication and more exposure for the artists. Conclusion People from the showbiz sector should not run for political positions. They entered a glamorous life of being a celebrity they chose their career therefore they should focus on that. They have little knowledge about politics and most of them did not even finish their studies. They cannot survive the harsh environment of politics they will just be tricked by the so-called veterans of the government. Politicians should not use the celebrities for their popularity to rise in terms of exposing their self in a relationship with a famous celebrity and they are just wasting their time even if they have the publication and exposure there are no guarantee if they would win the election therefore wasting precious resources. To be a politician the candidate must have a background when it comes to political science or should have study the law in order to be qualified there are many candidates that are qualified for the position but since the is so powerful those who are already in the spotlight are the only ones who are getting the attention. They use their influence to lure the people into thinking they are fit for the job. But, that should not be the basis of the political class in our country. People tend to vote candidates base on their popularity because of public mesmerization, people are easily swayed by unending promises that since the last generation of politicians have been able to fulfill. The Philippines society should be more careful in choosing competent politicians.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Cycle of Life in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of My

The Cycle of Life in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself In stanza six of the poem "Song of Myself", by Walt Whitman, he poses the question "What is the grass?" I believe that grass is a metaphor for the cycle of life. Throughout the poem Whitman points out images that grass could represent. All of these images stem from the life and death that we come to expect in our lifetime. During your life you will experience death, it at times surrounds you, but if you look past the grief and look to the beauty you will see that it is a cycle that keeps our world in balance. The images of flags, tears, children and older people that are torn from the ones they love, but only to soon return to other lost ones are all parts of Walt Whitman's poem. I believe that the flag is a symbol of death. When we look to the flag we think of our country and the people that lost their lives in the war, fighting for our freedom. In the poem line 93, reads, "I guess it must be the flag of my disposition..." meaning that the flag is a symbol of giving his life or the transferring of his being ... The Cycle of Life in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself Essay -- Song of My The Cycle of Life in Walt Whitman's Song of Myself In stanza six of the poem "Song of Myself", by Walt Whitman, he poses the question "What is the grass?" I believe that grass is a metaphor for the cycle of life. Throughout the poem Whitman points out images that grass could represent. All of these images stem from the life and death that we come to expect in our lifetime. During your life you will experience death, it at times surrounds you, but if you look past the grief and look to the beauty you will see that it is a cycle that keeps our world in balance. The images of flags, tears, children and older people that are torn from the ones they love, but only to soon return to other lost ones are all parts of Walt Whitman's poem. I believe that the flag is a symbol of death. When we look to the flag we think of our country and the people that lost their lives in the war, fighting for our freedom. In the poem line 93, reads, "I guess it must be the flag of my disposition..." meaning that the flag is a symbol of giving his life or the transferring of his being ...

Friday, July 19, 2019

Walker Percys The Moviegoer Essay -- Walker Percy Moviegoer Essays

Walker Percy's The Moviegoer Walker Percy is the author of The Moviegoer, which is written about a young man named John Binkerson Bolling otherwise known as Binx. He is the main character who grows up in New Orleans. He is a moviegoer who is on a search but the object of his search is not clear. The people he encounters help him along the way, especially his stepbrother Lonnie and an African American man. The Moviegoer takes place during Mardi Gras when Binx discovers that something more is needed in his life. The story begins with Binx receiving a letter from his Aunt Emily saying that they need to have a talk. This talk is about his cousin Kate who Aunt Emily is worried about. She has been â€Å"moping around the house† ever since her fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s death and Aunt Emily wants Binx to cheer her up (28). She wants him to treat Kate as he did before and joke around with her to make her laugh and smile. She has been staying inside and has not interacted with people in a while. On Binx’s way to his aunt’s house, â€Å"the idea of a search occurs to† him (13). â€Å"The search is what anyone would undertake if he were not sunk in the everydayness of his own life. To become aware of the possibility of the search is to be onto something† (13). But what exactly is Binx onto? Binx doesn’t know and doesn’t reveal the purpose of his search because he fears â€Å"exposing (his) own ignorance† (14). Is this search about God? Binx â€Å"hesitates to answer, since all other Americans have settled the matter for themselves and to give such an answer would amount to setting himself a goal which everyone else has reached – and therefore raising a question in which no one has the slightest interest. For, as everyone knows, the polls report that 98% of Americans believe in God and the remaining 2% are atheists and agnostics – which leaves not a single percentage point for a seeker† (13, 14). Binx’s search continues through his attraction to the movies that â€Å"are onto the search, but throw him further from the truth. The search always ends in despair† (13). The movies are a way for him to fill the emptiness in his life. They give him incite into others lives and into his own life. â€Å"Before I see a movie it is necessary for me to learn about something about the theater or the people who operate it, to touch base before going inside† (74). This helps him learn more about how others live and lear... ... wants with his life. He does not need to be as religious as Lonnie but he has choices. Lonnie is willing to fast even though he is very sick and this gives Binx faith that anything is possible if you put your mind to it. Even on Lonnie’s deathbed, he is content. After his â€Å"half-brother Lonnie Smith died of a massive virus infection which was never positively identified,† he is asked what will happen to Lonnie (237). The children ask Binx, â€Å"When Our Lord raises us up on the last day, will Lonnie still be in a wheelchair or will he be like us?† and he responds with, â€Å"he’ll be like you† (240). This he may not act in a religious way but at least he does not deny the Lord. So even though he is not all religious, he has taken the faith of Lonnie and directed it into his life. Lonnie’s belief in the long run affects Binx and helps him so many times in his search. He started as a moviegoer, living his life through the movies and now he realizes he can live his life through his actions. He was inspired by one he knew very well and by others everyday actions. He was inspired for the better and hopefully his new profession and wife will fill the void that he’s been feeling for so long.

The US Involvement in The Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

The Vietnam War was one of the worst wars in the United States history. The reason for the United States involvement was due to the start of communism in North Vietnam. The citizens in South Vietnam feared the control of North Vietnam and were worried that the north would take control of the south. The communist North Vietnam had support from the Soviet Union and China, making the South Vietnamese vulnerable to the north. In their time of struggle the South Vietnamese were able to receive aid from the United States. The North Vietnamese had set up a series of radar stations along bays and islands on the Gulf of Tonkin. On August 1, 1964 the U.S.S. Maddox was posted on a surveillance mission to study the North Vietnamese defenses in the Gulf area. In early morning on August 2, 1964 the U.S.S. Maddox spotted three North Vietnamese patrol boats, located twenty- eight miles from the coast. The patrol boats were still in International waters, which meant that they had no right to patrol South Vietnam. Captain John Herrich of the Maddox ordered fire upon the three North Vietnamese patrol boats. The Maddox had assistance from the carrier U.S.S. Ticonderoga. The two ships managed to sink one of the patrol boats, while the other two boats bailed out. To this day government officials are still unsure whether the United States or the North Vietnamese fired first in the situation. United Sates President Lyndon B. Johnson received word of the attack and ordered the Maddox to return to the Gulf of Tonkin and patrol for more action. The Maddox accompanied by the U.S.S. Turner Joy returned to the Gulf of Tonkin on August 4, 1964. While stationed in the Gulf the radar engineers on the destroyers thought that they saw an adva... ...n technology could offer. The soldiers carried fully automatic M-16 rifles. The air swarmed with helicopters, fighter planes, and bombers. The U.S. had destroyers, tankers, and patrol boats along all of the water routes. They were supplied with medicines, surgical equipment, packaged food, and other necessities. On average one U.S. soldier had one hundred pounds of supplies given to them each day, while the Vietcong had nothing. The United States transformed South Vietnam with roads, bridges, airstrips, etc. Cafes were turned into part places, while the women turned to prostitution for money. Fishing ports were turned into deep harbors for U.S. warships. Even with all of the money that the United Sates put into the war, it proved to be useless. The Vietcong needed none of it and were ready to shut down the United Sates and proved that they could.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

How does Angela Carter reinterpret Gothic Conventions Essay

Angela Carter reinterprets Gothic Conventions in both ‘The Tigers Bride’, and ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon. ’ These reinterpreted gothic conventions are not merely used by Angela Carter to shock the reader, (typical of the Gothic), but additionally to add a sub-genre. This is clearly the case in both ‘The Tigers Bride’ and ‘Courtship of Mr Lyon’ as the feminist and Marxist message is provided by the subversion of the genre. For instance, in a conventional gothic novel the female is stereotypically either the â€Å"trembling victim† or â€Å"predator. † In other cases, women remain absent from the Gothic novel all together. However, in both of these short stories from Angela Carters collection ‘The Bloody Chamber,’ this gender role is subverted so the male becomes the victim. This is particularly evident in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ where Mr Lyon takes the role of the desperate women locked away, needing to be saved. Mr Lyon claims to be â€Å"dying† because Beauty left â€Å"because you left me. † The state of the lion is covered in the description with imagery of death and decay; â€Å"dead† flowers, â€Å"groaning† hinges, and â€Å"drifting cobwebs. † Beauty therefore takes the role of the male protagonist. There is a mention of otherness as Beauty found My Lyons â€Å"bewildering difference intolerable,† whereas, conventionally, the male was the norm and the female the other. Furthermore, in ‘The Tigers Bride’ conventional gothic gender stereotypes are also played with as Beauty breaks out of patriarchal society by rejecting her â€Å"clockwork twin† and taking the form of an animal â€Å"beautiful fur. † Carter uses the gothic conventional symbol of animals but in an alternate way. In both stories she puts animals on a higher level than man for their more moral qualities. The beast for instance is juxtaposed against her farther in ‘The Tigers Bride’ as he is the poor protector who â€Å"bartered,† and lost his â€Å"treasure† (again, objectifying women. ) The use of animals again explores a feminist message, as Carter believed that like animals, females were regarded as soulless. However, in both texts Carter also holds onto many of the stereotypical gender gothic conventions. For example the reference to Beauty as â€Å"Miss Lamb† in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ and also the mention of the lamb in ‘The Tigers Bride’ â€Å"Lion lies down with the lamb. ’ Furthermore, in both stories Beauty is objectified and the property of her farther, this is introduced immediately in ‘The Tigers Bride’, â€Å"my farther lost me to the Beast at cards. † The female here is clearly still a victim. In regard to setting, Carter does comply with many of the conventional gothic associations. In both ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ and ‘The Tigers Bride’ the home of the Beast is regarded as the ‘isolated castle. ’ However, there is a difference in the habitats of Mr Lyon and Beauty in ‘The courtship of Mr Lyon’ as conventionally the male protagonist is associated with the city with unmoral behaviour, and the female is associated with the pastoral country. This enables Carter to add a message that both man and women need to combine both feminine and masculine qualities to be happy. Another example where Carter subverts the genre using the setting is in the stereotypical class of gothic. Conventionally, the gothic was focused mainly on aristocracy. Whereas, in both short stories Beauty is poor, for instance in ‘The Courtship of Mr Lyon’ her farther refers to his lost riches â€Å"how rich again I may once again be. † This conveys a Marxist reference, which is hinted at again â€Å"all of the world he knew need not necessarily apply. † Gothic symbolism is also reinterpreted in both novels. The reference to the â€Å"white rose† is a widely recognised gothic symbol and is featured in both short storied. However, besides symbolising the innocence of women and their purity, it could also symbolise freedom and salvation, much like a ‘white flag’ as both Beauty’s try to escape patriarchal society. Carter additionally subverts the supernatural. For instance in ‘The Tigers Bride,† despite inter-textuality with ‘Beauty and the Beast’ it is beauty who must transform into the Beast, as he licks her skin off revealing a nascent patina of shining hairs. The sole purpose of this, however, in not purely to shock the reader. Beauty is removing any human elements from herself, giving her, allowing her to break away from society and its limitations on women.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Effect of Milk Advertising Essay

The draw of the cow is approximately wide utilize by humans, save the take show up of the m are, goat, ewe, buffalo, camel, ass, zebra, reindeer, llama, and yak is similarly employ. The composition of take out varies with the species, breed, feed, and condition of the animal. Jersey and Guernsey cattle produce take out of uplifted saveter pad case Holsteins produce larger quantities of draw further with a lower unlesster complete content. draw wide-awake for sale is a wide deal homogenized in this process it is pumped under insistence through small openings to break up the take out- plump globules, thus ensuring an equal distribution of fat throughout the milk rather than permitting it to explicate to the top as cream. In roughly keep downries where milk is a commercial carrefour, it is root to regulations concerning its composition (i. e. , the proportion of butterfat and early(a) solids) and its purity, with sound measures in force that c all everypla ce milk handlers, herds, plants, and equipment.Pasteurization (partial sterilization by heating) checks bacterial growth, in that locationby fashioning milk safer to jollify and increasing its keeping qualities and range of transport. Milk, an fairish active complete food, consists of proteins ( chief(prenominal)ly casein ), fat, salts, and milk sugar, or lactose , as puff up as vitamins A, C, D, certain B vitamins, and slight(prenominal)er amounts of others. (Many muckle are unable to digest milk after childhood because they stop producing an enzyme needful to break d induce lactose, but ordinarily they still goat digest yogurt, sternly cheeses, and lactose-reduced milk crossings.)Commercial dairies often auxiliary natural vitamin D with a concentrate. Milk is a major(ip) initiation of atomic number 20 and a good source of phosphorus. Low-fat and hop milk fortified with vitamins A and D have the same nutritional pry as livelong milk, but with a few(prenomi nal)er calories and less cholesterol . Whole milk has 3. 5% milkfat, low-fat milk 1% to 2%, and tire, 0. 5%. Heavy cream has a minimum of 36% milkfat, half-and-half non less than 10. 5% nor more(prenominal) than 18%. A patent was issued for the mathematical intersectionion of dehydrated milk in Great Britain in 1855, and for concentrated milk in the coupled States to Gail Borden in 1856.The two vitrines of concentrated milk are condensed and evaporated condensed milk is a edulcorate product (over 40% sugar), and evaporated is unsweetened. Dried, or powdered, milk is do by bumping a film of partially evaporated milk over a modify drum or by spraying it into a heated chamber in which the p obliges dry. Malted milk is a dried mixture made of milk and the liquid from a fag of barley malt and wheat flour. Bibliography stop S. K. Kon, Milk and Milk convergences in humanity Nutrition (1972) T. Quinn, Dairy Farm commission (1980) D. Carrick, Milk (1985).The capital of South Carolina Electronic encyclopedia Copyright 2007, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www. cc. columbia. edu/cu/cup/ milk Liquid secreted by the mammary glands of womanly mammals to nourish their young. The milk of domesticated animals is withal an important food source for humans. more or less milk consumed in Western countries is from awe other important sources include sheep, goats, water system buffalo, and camels. Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with dissolved sugar, minerals (including atomic number 20 and phosphorus), and vitamins, crossly vitamin B complex.Commercially processed cows milk is comm except enriched with vitamins A and D. Many countries require previous(prenominal)eurisation to protect against naturally occurring and artificially introduced microorganisms. change further pr in timets spoilage (souring and curdling). Fat from whole milk ( virtuallywhat 3. 5% fat con tent) nonify be removed in a separator to produce cream and abdicate low-fat milk (12% fat) or skim milk (0. 5% fat). Milk is usually homogenized, forced under high mechanical press through small openings to distribute the fat razely. It whitethorn overly be condensed, evaporated, or dehydrated for preservation and ease of transport. another(prenominal) dairy products include butter, cheese, and yogurt. INTRODUCTION This domain leave al ace evaluate the act upon of assimilation and cultural esteems on carriage of magical spells utilise in announce percentage point Milk its in you to Nigerians. Also, it uses the eclectic method acting to decipher advertising strategies that aggregation to Nigerians. The advertizing see appurtenance A is perceived as an image of what appeals to Nigerians because it cuts across age, gender, and lifestyle in the Nigerian society. To further understand this, a semiotical compend is utilize to decode divisors of visual images (Sea le, 2004 p.274), as healthynessy as encoded meat using the mother wit and signifier.2 minimise Royal Friesland Campina, a Netherlands ground company, naturalised West Afri weed Milk play along (WAMCO) in Nigeria in 1974 (Friesland campina). They are the producers of prime quantity milk, a diary product which is the commercialize top outer in diary found nutrition in Nigeria (Nigerian bulletin). Therefore, genius would study should companies that are market leaders pass on heavily to promote their disgrace addicted that there is no direct tie-in between a commercials and product use in the mind of consumers (Mooij, 2005 p. 275).bBut, she in any case sustain that advertising works in dissimilar ways. Thus, the aims of this study, to find out how advertisers centerively appeal to the Nigerian market? harmonize to conception Bank report, Nigeria is the largest coun decide in Africa with a growing population of 148 million people, about 200 social throngs and 50 0 natal languages. It is too perceived to be the second base largest economy in Sub Sahara Africa. chumless burn down deduce from this that it is a multi ethnic republic enriched with diverse norms and honors. In this case, how base advertisings reach out to this populace knowing the diversity that is inherent in the demesne?In rules of recount words, what appeals to Nigerians? 3 semiotical ANALYSIS To understand the appeals and cultural dimensions active in this advert, the entrenched capacity has to be worked out using semiotics outline especially because symbolism is exceedingly use in high context finis (Mooij, 2004 p. 33). As indicated by Baldwin, 2004 p. 51 semiotic is the systematic study of sign used to decipher the denoted and connoted conveys embedded in advertisings. But, it is less objectiveity and generalizable because of its reliance on per countersignal denotation of the researcher (Seale, 2004 p. 272).Embedded in this adverts are signs which b asin be understood by the relationship between signifier and signified (Seale, 2004 p. 273). This illustrates how the signifier of the overt nub in an ad has a function of its own (William male child, 1978 p. 19). In this scene, the product (the only era it appears in the publicizing) is placed by the ratifier while preparing for training. The sign could be construe in different ways with superstar universe that the product helps Nwankwo Kanu to become pull down better. Here, the significance of milk is transferred to Nwankwos execution of instrument.From the publicizing atomic number 53 can see that this correlational statistics is non-sequential because the two things are not link up by a narrative but by their place in a picture (Williamson, 1978 p. 19). The carry-over of significance also does not exist in the publicizing, but requires us to put on the connection (Williamson, 1978 p. 18). It was not stated in the publicizing that Nwankwo Kanu is succeeding be cause of his pulmonary tuberculosis of big top milk or milk makes oneyou happen upon ones your ambitions, therefore, this meaning does not come into place until the transfer is completed by the auditory modalitywe complete the transference ourselves.Transference cannot occur if the object ( natural elevation milk) does not have any significance to be transferred. That is to enjoin that a system of meaning must already exist in which milk is seen as a nutritious fluid that contains some health promoting fraction (Barlic, 2001 p. 3). Also, there is no direct correlation between Kanu and Peak milk in the advert but, the milk is strategically positioned see concomitant B in other to execute surmisal in the mind of the viewing audience. The link adjoins to what Nwankwo Kanu substance to Nigerians.This advertisement presents this transference of meaning to viewers as fait accompli (Williamson, 1978 p. 25) because it is only in the advertisement that this transference takes p lace. 4 CULTURAL prise OF NIGERIANS Goodenough 1971, cited in Usunier et al 2005 p. 5 specify shade as a point of touchs or standards shared by a group of people which helps the individual conciliate what is, what can be, how to feel, what to do and how to go about doing it (Usunier et al, 2005 p. 5).It is seemingly the attitude and demeanor that commemorate ofs the run of a group (answers. com) and could also be verbalize to be the attributes and values of a set of people. Cultural values is assert to be the root of consumer behaviour which is a process where people use ideas and bonk to satisfy needs and desires (who said this) therefore, advertisements of products should be adapted to a nations dimension of culture (Mooij 2004 p. 2).Relating this to Nigeria, Hofstedes dimension of culture propagates that Nigeria is a high office staff hold nation which is also very socialistic and has a low suspense dodge nature. It is also seen as a unawares full term orien ted populace and is center(prenominal) in the masculinity index see doorory C. From the Hofstedes classification of Nigeria, it could be said that there is a visible sign of view and ambition mentality with go outs be attributed to ones own force (Hofstede 2005), though identity almost often is base on social network whereas, a very result oriented operate (mooij 2004) attitude is maintained. 4.1 RELATING THE ADVERTISEMENT TO HOFSTEDES mannequin Advertising is believed to be the most culture-bound element in the marketing mix since it is highly influenced by culture which happens to be the most important factor in explaining culture found in advertising (Usunier, 2005 p. 413). This is snappy because response towards product establish ones counselation of advertisement is often biased by cultural influence see appendix D. (this sentence is not clear) * The sons respect for his dad and achievements depicts steep power distance of Nigerians.* The standardisedlihood of t he son to follow his fathers metrical unit step (hair style, football skills displayed) see appendix E shows the left-winger side of Nigerians. * Nwankwo Kanu being very pushful despite picayunecoming and high take of responsibility displayed illustrates the masculine disposition of Nigerians. * The ability to remain calm in adversity, less anxiety and relaxed atmosphere proves the low hesitancy avoidance nature. * Ability to focus on goal portrays short time orientation. (is it short time or short term? cos u earlier said short term) 5 ADVERTISING lift MILK TO NIGERIANS USE OF APPEALS.Known to be among the happiest people on earth, Nigerians are fighters whom despite all odds try to clear their dreams hence the slang suffering and smiling (mypenandpaper). As a result of this, mastery and achievements are celebrated. The onus values that characterize Nigerian culture are achievements, materialism and sense of pride.Advertisers try to target these core values in orderot her to target Nigerian attitude towards advertising messages which focuses on egotism improvement and achievement of personal goals as healthful as collective goals but overall, the feeling of harmony with others. In other to sell products, it has been discovered that advertisers rely overwhelmingly on persuasive messages to sell product and services(where is the closing quotation sign? ) also minding the fact that consumers have favourable attitudes towards messages that ring their own socio-cultural values (Alozie, 2009 p. 1) see appendix F.The main p freshet of this advertisement is injury retentivity. It appeals to Nigerians by using a positive contrive in Nigeria and his son telling his advantage story thereby, associating the place to his success.Agrawal 1995, cited in Usunier 2005 is of the belief that cultural sensitivity(be unchanging with acknowledgment sign) is generally portrayed in advertisement via the use of appeals (p. 413). Tellis 2004 noted three major fo rms of appeals in advertising which are arguments, perceptions and warrantee (p. 23) but two are broadly uttering inherent is this advertisement. 5. 1 CELEBRITY warranty Oguntimehi believesbeliefs that it is a battle for advertises to entice video target audience into viewing a commercial.For this reason, they use celebrities to endorse suckers and create a general conditioning mathematical process (Till, 2008 p.180) which makes the advertisement very successful in terms of keeping publics maintenance throughout the duration of the advert, and also heightening retention which would ultimately lead to purchase intention of the product see appendix G.This can only be achieved if the audience is familiar with the endorser and identify with the source (Oguntimehi, 2009). Prior to this advertisement by peak milk legal age of Nigerians do not know or have not seen Kanus son therefore this take hold ofs their attention. (Tellis, (2004 p.179) pointed out that celebrities tend to be unpredictable and can hurt brand by their behavior and statements.However, Till noted that the use of laurels endorsers is profitable despite the risk confused (Till, 2008 p. 182). Two very important posers based on the work of social psychologists should be taken into account while obtain for endorsers. These are, the Credibility model and the Attractiveness model which depicts the trustworthiness of the endorser and the handleability as well as the familiarity of endorser respectively (Till, 2008 p. 183 Tellis, 2004 p.182).This advertisement features Kanu simply known as Kanu and nicknamed papilo Nigerians most decorated soccer player, striker for the subject area team of Nigeria and for the English Club, Portsmouth (Okon, 2009). His enthralling performance and being one of Africans most highly recognized footballer in the recital of football (Okon, 2009), has endeared him to the hearts of millions of Nigerians. According to (Okon, 2009), fifty-fifty though celebrities have an aura of magnificence in the eyes of the public, it is germane that they ideally fit the brand being projected.Since milk is seen as very nutritious and has high content of vitamins and minerals, it strategically aligns with the endorser used because of his health history and continuous success. It is believed that their popularity posses the power to influence consumers to swap loyalty to the endorsed brand as well as make such adverts linger continually in the publics memory (Okon, 2009). This is retentive with the elaboration likelihood model where cloak transfer is considered to be stronger in low-involvement situations like procureing milk (Till, 2008 p. 182). 5. 2 mad APPEAL.Advertising has the power to attach unlooseed on(p) values to the brand which in turn builds positive reputation (Thomas 2008). According to (Fill, (2009 p. 520), advertisers often use emotion-based messages to make distinctions in products perspective especially when there is little or no differentiation between its products and that of competitors.Therefore, this appeal uses characters within a p readiness to pass across emotional messages in looseness like scenes (Tellis, 2004 p. 23) so as to grab consumers attention. Due to consumersthem preferring characters that can be identifiedthey can identify with (Usunier, 2005 p.419), in advertising the Peak brand the advertisers made use of a personality that every Nigerian across all gender, tribe, religion and ages can relate with.Also used is the subliminal arrange which further entrenches the product value in the mind of the populace consequently anytime you conjecture of Kanus trail, success or even his son, you think of Peak milk (prior to the advertisements majority of Nigerians did not know Kanus son). This also appeals to the collectivist nature of Nigerians in order to build brand loyalty which is a key concept in collectivist cultures and spreads from people to product (Usunier, 2005 p.93).Hofstede notes th at cultures with lower uncertainty avoidance like the West African Region have tendency to study for less information since information reduces uncertainty which they are not prone to (Hofstede 2005). genius could see that the advert does not translate any information about the product. This could be as a result of Nigerians being low uncertainty avoidance in addition to the advertisers trying to create an look in the mind of the populace in other to establish the product in their minds by associating its product to the emotional retiring(a) of Kanu in that way giving the product added value.Time is not viewed as a linear fashion rather as a composition of events that have occurred. Generally, Nigerians are known to operate a flattened time phenomenon- a long departed and present (Alozie, 2003). This advert makes reference to past victory as a nation in the 1996 Olympics and Kanus victory over his health. According to (Wilson, (2005 p158), the trend of using nostalgia as a wa y to sell various products is not new. It is a bittersweet emotion (Wilson, 2005) so its application has to be well thought of.The advert clearly attempts to stumble(who said this? ) nostalgia in consumers as well as potential ones. The advertiser used images from the past to attract the publics attention (Nigerias victory in 1996 Olympics a feat that everyone desires to see again). The advert does not picture facts about the product, identification with the brand comes only at the end of the commercial (Mooij 2004 p. 135) it drives at associating certain traits with the product so when you think of those traits, automatically you think of the product.It focuses more on emotional appeal thus associating the product with achievements despite all odds which could be said to be the core value of Nigerians. According to Decision Analyst, the extent to which an advertisement succeeds is dependent on the strength of the originative concept. 6 SLICE OF LIFE small-arm of life appeals to self esteem (Taflinger 1996). According to answers. com it is the actual experience represented realistically and with little alteration. Shilbury, et al (2003 176) stated that, bit of life advertising uses some facet of daily life as a part of the advertising.The intent behind this barbel is to communicate messages and images to consumers that they can relate to. despite this, (Fill, C. (2009 p. 518) is of the view that the message should be presented in such a way that the receiver can identify immediately with the scenario being presented. Fills view relates with this advertisement in the sense that the storyline used can be related to by every Nigerian (the story of the Olympics game, the health challenge the endorser faced and how he came through to mesmerize Nigerians in the serviceman of football).(Applegate (2005139), is of the view that slice-of-life television commercial does not work, primarily because the intended consumers attention is pulled away from the produ ct and of the character or some other element in the story. He feels a slice-of-life design will only work if the clients attention is on the sales message. To achieve this, it aims at self-persuasion using self-imagining technique thereby allowing audience visualize themselves as the character trying to solve a particular(prenominal) problem and being helped by the brand (OShaughnessy, 1995 p483). 7 LIMITATIONS.It is important to note that in every country, there are big inconsistencies within cultures (kitayama & markus, 1994 p. 289) therefore there would be individuals who appear to have different attributes as stated in this study. The study is part empirical that is, it not fully based on proven theories so, partly observational. Also, collectible to time constraint and the word count limit, the research was restricted to cover the few areas represented in the report. To give more credence, a focus group query would have been conducted of Nigerians to in reality see how t hey reply to this advertisement and how it appeals to them.8 CONCLUSION agriculture is more than merely ones lifestyle. It delves deeper to categorise ones experience (Kitayama & markus, 1994 p285). Evidently, the advertisement uses the denotive system where it brings into play Kanu a famed soccer player in Nigeria. It is a connotation that is made to denote the product (Williamson, 1978 p. 100). Hence, the product is given value by Kanu who already has a value to Nigerians. But, if soul from another culture knows Kanu as a footballer, they will not have access to the referent system because, the meaning of the message will be difficult to interpret (Mooij, 2004 p.211).This is why this advertisement specifically appeals to Nigerians. In advertising to Nigerians, marketers have to put into good will the cultural background, literacy level as well as income of the masses in order to permeate the market (Baker, 1965 p. 47). Also, the right type of appeal has to be employed. The m ost consistent used in Nigerian advertising is family value (collectivism, love, care, endurance, protection, investment) and a bit of western values (individualism, personal exploitation, ambition, youthfulness).This advertisement promotes family value (using Kanus family especially his son) see appendix H as well as personal development (I worked hard to be even better). It also promotes values such as hard work, success and good health which it inferred the product could help achieve. meaning(a) also is the use of colour (green the discipline colour of Nigeria) which played a major role in this advertisement. According to (Gorn, et al (1997 p. 1387), advertisements containing color with higher level of value lead to greater liking for the advertisement.Ones attitude towards an advertisement could be as a result of the effect of colours on feelings. The analysis of this effect on advert retention is beyond the scope of this work. 9 REFERENCES BOOKS FILL, C. 2009. trade Commun ications Interactivity, communities and content. Harlow Pearson Education Limited SHILBURY, D. , S. straightaway and H. WESTERBEEK. EFFECT OF ADVERTISINFG ON COSUMER BUYING behaviour Every organization, or rather, Brand, invests a lot of capital on marketing, a major chunk of which is spent on making ads.Getting an iconic celeb like Amitabh Bachchan to speak about a product like Navratna Hair Oil, it seems like a meet of cake nowadays. But, to how much extent does these ads actually affect the consumers? Do they actually barter for a product yet because their front-runner film-star is endorsing it? Is it possible that a product can change its image on the consumers overnight, meet because of the flashy ad they fitting released? If we go by theories, there are lot many factors that influence a customer to make a purchase, and advertising is just one small part of a parameter called Psychology.Some of the more powerful factors are like 1. 1. Need of the Product Considering t he market scenario of today (I am lecture about inflation), we consumers hardly buy anything when we get intot need it. 2. 2. Affordability It is not an whimsical sight when a man sighs face at an expensive brand of skim cream and goes for the cheaper brand. 3. 3. Brand Image and the true Very few Surf leap out users would like to opt for a brand like Tide or Nirma just because it is cheaper. 4. 4.Peer group now this is one factor that does not affect get as much as it affects buy behavior. Confused? Well, what I meant to say is, we buy a product when we need it, but sometimes, especially when we are buying that particular product for the first time, we need some help with what brand shall we choose. And this is where our peer group comes into picture. It helps us choose a brand when we need a product, but does not tell us when we need that product. Advertising, it can be said, has a similar effect on our purchasing habits as our peer group does.Nobody jumps in to say I need that thing just because the ad that had just been aired on TV is extremely attractive, but yes, sometimes, we may say lets try this brand, the ad on TV looks good. The article has been contributed by Jayita Das. A NIFT Mumbai alumnus, she is also a very creative person in her own way. Following her graduation, she worked as merchant in the niche segment of industrial wears. In her spare time she loves reading on topics related to art and indigence which are always close to her heart. She also writes her own blog at counterfeit Concepts and you & Love,life,and something else.